Category Archives: Health Care

Health care system discussions

“New Rule: the Republicans have to stop saying that if the Obamacare website doesn’t work that must mean Obamacare itself doesn’t work.  That is like saying the ice cream’s no good because you can’t find a spoon.  And the ice cream is good!  That’s why you can’t find any spoons; they’re all in the dishwasher.”

Bill Maher – November 15, 2013

obamacare_Republican sledgehammer

Conservatives and the media are gleefully focusing on the Health Insurance Marketplace’s rocky rollout while ignoring the rest of the Affordable Care Act’s provisions.  They’re also hypocrites for condemning the $70 million “wasted” on the Marketplace’s computer system, which is only 3% of the $24 BILLION Congressional Republicans wasted by shutting down the government for 16 days.

I edited the Health and Human Services’ overview, Key Features of the Affordable Care Act by Year , for easier reading.  Here’s what we will give up if “Obamacare” is repealed.

2010

  • Insurers can’t deny coverage for children under 19 because of pre-existing conditions
  • Insurers can’t rescind coverage because of a “technical mistake” on an application.
  • Lifetime coverage limits  have been eliminated.
  • Annual coverage limits have been restricted.
  • Provided for an external review mechanism for denied claims.
  • Provided a one-time, tax-free $250 rebate check to seniors in the Medicare D “donut hole.”
  • New health plans have to provide preventive care services without charging a deductible, co-pay or coinsurance,
  • Gave a tax credit for up to 35% of the premium costs for small employers and up to 25% for small non-profits.
  • Allocated more money and staff to combat fraud and waste in Medicare, Medicaid and CHIP.
  • Awarded grants for the state insurance navigators program (October 2010).
  • People with pre-existing conditions who were uninsured for >6 months got access to state or DHHS insurance coverage.
  • Allowed adult children to stay on their parents’ insurance until they turned 26.
  • Created a $5 billion dollar program to continue employee coverage for early retirees.
  • Created incentives to increase the number of primary care physicians, nurses and physician assistants.
  • Allocated $250 million in grants to states plans to require insurance companies in the individual and small business markets to justify rate hikes of >10%.
  • Banned companies with excessive or unjustified rate hikes from participating in the new exchanges in 2014.
  • Provided federal funds for states expanding Medicaid coverage.
  • Increased payments to rural health care providers.
  • Allocated funds to support construction and expansion of community health centers.

2011 

  • Provided 50% discount on brand-name drugs for seniors reaching the “donut hole”
  • Provides additional savings on brand-name and generic drugs through 2020 when the “donut hole” will close.
  • Provided for certain free preventive services for seniors on Medicare.
  • Created Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation to test new care delivery models, improve care quality and slow the rate of growth of health care costs.
  • Established the Community Care Transitions Program to coordinate care for high-risk Medicare patients after hospital discharge.
  • Established the Independent Payment Advisory Board to recommend ways to target waste, reduce costs, improve health outcomes, expand care access and extend the life of the Medicare Trust Fund.
  • Allowed states to offer home and community based services to disabled individuals through Medicaid rather than institutional care in nursing homes through the Community First Choice Option.
  • Required insurers for large employers to spend at least 85% and individual and small employer plans to spend at least 80% of all premium dollars on health care services and health care quality improvement and provide rebates if profits or administrative costs are too high.
  • Gradually eliminates overpayment to Medicare Advantage plan insurers; will give bonuses to Medicaid Advantage plans providing “high-quality care.”

Part 2 will look at 2012-present.

Health Care Expenditures: Show Me The Money!

Any substantive discussion of health care requires a solid foundation.  So here’s a primer on health care expenditures – where the money came from and where it went – prior to the ACA.

Who provides our insurance: in 2007, a little more than half of us (54%) had employer-provided health insurance. Medicare, Medicaid and SCHIP covered another 26%, and 4% of people purchased their own insurance. Sixteen percent of us had no insurance.

Who provides insurance 2007

Source: Kaiser Family Foundation State Health Facts – 2007

But three years later, things had changed significantly.  Less than half of us got insurance from our employers.  Medicaid and Medicare coverage rose to 16% and 13%; private insurance covered 5%.   The percentage of uninsured remained the same.

Who provides insurance 2010

Source: Kaiser Family Foundation – State Health Facts

Government employees get their insurance with taxpayer dollars, not employer revenue.  The American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) has 1.6 million members. The American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE) and the National Federation of Federal Employees (NFFE) together have 700,000 members. There are 1.8 million active duty service men and women, many with dependent families, receiving “government-run health care.”   Add veterans and their families covered by TRICARE and the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs (CHAMPVA) and we are much closer to “socialized medicine” than any politician will ever admit.

 Who pays for health care: Government is already the single largest health care purchaser; In Medicare, Medicaid, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) and other public funds paid 40% of health care costs in 2011.  And just to clear up any misconceptions, two thirds of Medicaid funds go for care of the elderly and disabled.  Yep, Medicaid pays for your grandmother’s nursing home, not Medicare, which only covers skilled nursing care.

Private insurance paid for 33% of expenditures; out-of-pocket spending and other private funds accounted for 11% and 7%, respectively.

Who paid for health care 2011

 

 

 

 

Source: California Health Care Foundation

Where our health care dollars go: Hospitals receive 31.4% of our health care dollars; doctors get 19.9% and drugs consume another 10.1%.  Nursing homes receive 5.5% and we spend 2.7% on home health care. “Other Personal Health Care Spending” includes goods and services such as dental, vision and durable medical equipment. “Other Health Spending” includes administrative costs, research, public health services, buildings and equipment.

KFF NHE 2010

Sources: Kaiser Family Foundation and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

Who do we spend it on? The good news is half of us rarely need medical care, accounting for about 3 percent of all health care spending.  The bad news is 5 percent of us are responsible for almost half of expenditures.  The top 1% of people are “super-utilizers,” whose chronic, poorly managed illnesses account for 22% of our annual bill.

Population Consuming Health Care

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

One would expect caring for the elderly to be more expensive, but the United States spends far more than other countries.

Health Care costs by age

I’ll try to explain WHY we spend so much money in my next post.

The World’s Most Expensive Health Care

The United States spends far more money on health care than any other country. In 2010 we spent $8,233 per person, about 2.5 times the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) average and half again as much as the next most generous country, Norway.   The total cost, $2.6 TRILLION dollars, was 17.6% of our GDP, one-and-a-half times more than those “socialist hellholes” Denmark, France, Canada, the Netherlands and almost double the U.K.

US vs World Health Care

Some people-notably the well-insured and conservative commentators-think this is just fine. “We have the best health care in the world, but government is trying to take that away from us and give it to lazy people.” There will be rationing, death panels, people dying in the streets and your wife will certainly die from breast cancer.

Others, like the people actually paying the bills (namely, Uncle Sam), realize spending all that money doesn’t get us much.  The United States is 51st in life expectancy; our outcomes are about the same as countries with single-payor systems; our pharmaceuticals and hospital procedures cost a lot more. We’ve also rationed health care for decades based on one’s ability to pay, but that’s a separate topic for another rant.

So, somewhere along the line government decided that we should cut our annual health care expenditures. American Medical News published an article I wrote back then warning health care reform wouldn’t be successful because reformers were asking “What kind of health care do you want?” rather than “How are you going to pay for it?”

Spending less money on health care means paying less, and/or doing less. That is simple mathematics. So who is will be the first to accept “less”?

  • Will patients accept less care than they want (as opposed to the care they need)?
  • Will hospitals accept less revenue?
  • Will physicians accept lower salaries?
  • Will insurance companies agree to lower premiums?
  • Will pharmaceutical companies accept less money for their already overpriced drugs?
  • Will manufacturers sell MRI machines and surgical robots for less?

Nothing is likely to happen without tradeoffs; everyone will have to give up something.

If I was contemplating a career in medicine instead of looking at retirement, I’d agree to a lower than expected salary in exchange for free medical school training, decent working conditions and getting the plaintiffs’ attorneys on a very short leash.

  • I wouldn’t need to make a hefty salary if I didn’t graduate with $250,000 in school debt.
  • I would provide much better service if I wasn’t on call every night or every other night.
  • I would be able to do what I thought was right rather than wasting a lot of money covering my ass.

But first we need a national dialog about our health care system.  What do people want?  More importantly, how do they propose paying it?

 

 

 

About those premium hikes…

ACA opponents have been screaming about health insurance premiums going up because of Obamacare.

I hate to rain on their parade, but premiums have been increasing every year since at least 1999.  Here are figures for the average annual cost of a family policy, courtesy of the Kaiser Family Foundation.

Year   Premium  % increase
1999 – $5791          —
2000 – $6438        11%
2001 – $7061          9%
2002 – $8003         13%
2003 – $9068         13%
2004 – $9950           9%
2005 – $10880         9%
2006 – $11480         5%
2007 – $12106         5%
2008 – $12680         4%
2009 – $13375         5%
2010 – $13770         2%
2011 – $15073        12%
2012 – $15745          4%
2013 – $16351          4%

Notice the giant 12% hike in 2011, before the ACA required insurers to come begging for rate increases above 10%.  Also remember the insurance companies had to hand out $1.1 billion in premium rebates because they were spending more money on administrative costs than the ACA permitted.

We get our insurance through the Joliet Diocese.  Peg gets it free; insuring me runs about $5000/year.  Every year, the cost has gone up while pharmaceutical coverage gets more restrictive.  We’re also forced to use a mail-order service for maintenance prescriptions; we got stuck paying $150 for a medication even though the manufacturer had a discount program that guaranteed it would cost $15/month.  The service refused to honor the discount program but also wouldn’t let us go to a pharmacy that would.

The only solution to this is a single-payor system, but there will be a lot of howling when it happens.  More on that in my next post.

About That Individual Mandate…

One of the most oft-heard arguments against the ACA’s individual mandate is “How can the government compel me to buy something I don’t want and don’t need?”

cry-baby-blog

Well, Skippy, government has been compelling you to do things for a long time.  The Feds make you pay income taxes or risk fines and jail time.  Most states compel you to wear seatbelts, because people who wear seat belts are less likely to die or be seriously injured in auto accidents.  If you don’t wear one and get caught, you get fined, even if YOU aren’t the driver.

If you have a house and a mortgage, the bank makes you buy homeowner’s insurance so they are not stuck with an empty lot if the house burns down and you default.  If you have a car, the state makes you buy auto insurance before you can get license tags and the bank will make you get insurance if you’ve financed the car.

“But what if I don’t own a house or a car?”  If you rent and don’t have renter’s insurance, you’re just a dumbass.  If you don’t have a car or a house, you don’t need auto or homeowner’s insurance, and you’re a dumbass for asking that question.

Here’s the reality.  People who get sick without health insurance don’t just disappear.  They eventually seek care, usually when they are a lot sicker.  The cost for that care was about $176 billion in 2013, and we’re all on the hook for about two-thirds of that.

You don’t think you should pay for someone else’s care because you are healthy? How do you think traditional insurance works in the first place?  Many people pay premiums for auto and homeowner’s insurance; those who get into an accident or suffer damage to their home get the benefit.  Most employees are healthy but the premiums the employees pay cover those unfortunate enough to become ill.  Otherwise, only sick people would buy insurance and the cost would be astronomical.

You own a body?  You need to insure it, so I don’t have to pay for YOUR health care when YOU get sick and don’t have insurance.  It’s only fair.